2019中考初三英语语法:形容词后缀不可乱加
初三英语语法形容词后缀不可乱加
下面这则广告中的形容词“irresistable”里的后缀( suffix)不对,应该把“-able”改为“-ible”
“We offer: petitive monthly salary, eekly incentives, attractive transport alloance, incentive trips and irresistable performance bonus.”
到底是“-able”,还是“-ible”?这两者有何不同?
现在先从形容词的其他后缀谈起。
形容词后缀分两大类。一类是加到名词上的;另一类是加到动词上的。
㈠加到名词上的主要有① -y,如bloody, dirty, healthy, juicy, muddy; ② -ly,如stly, friendly, lovely, orderly, tily;③ -ful,如careful, faithful, helpful, peaceful, useful;④ -less,如careless, harmless, noiseless, senseless, useless;⑤ -ous/-ious,如dangerous; urageous, envious, mysterious;⑥ -al/-tal/-ial/-tial,如aidental, horizontal, lonial, influential;⑦ -ic/-etic/-atic,如artistic, sympathetic, systematic;⑧ -ish,如childish, foolish, selfish;⑨ -like,如 life-like, business-like, ar-like;⑩ -ed/-en,如skilled, horned, golden, ooden.
㈡加到动词上的有① -ent/-ant,如dependent, different, observant, pleasant;② -able/-ible,如 agreeable, fortable, defensible, sensible;③ -ive/-tive/-ative/-itive,如active, attentive, imaginative, sensitive;④ -ed/-en,如advanced, noted, stolen, sollen;⑤ -ing,如annoying, disgusting, entertaining.
-able/ible 出现在第二类后缀中,“-able”后缀的形容词属英语体系的字“-ible”后缀的形容词则来自拉丁体系。前者数量大,后者数量少,主要的是下面这些,可以特别留意
aessible, apprehensible, audible, patible, ntemptible, nvertible, rrigible, destructible, digestible, divisible, defensible, edible, eligible, exhaustible, fallible, feasible, flexible, forcible, horrible, illegible, intelligible, negligible, perceptible, possible, responsible, resistible, sensible, suspectible, tangible, terrible, visible.
现在顺便把名词、动词和副词主要后缀提出,作为参考
⑴名词后缀
-nt, -t, -ture, -ion/-ition, -al, -ance, -ent, -er, -ant 等。这些名词后缀都要加到适当的动词上,如arrangent, restraint, fixture, celebration, extension, petition, reneal, assistance, resident, exporter, attendant.
-ness, -y/-ty/-ity, -th, -ce/-cy 等,可以加到适当的形容词上如darkness, kindness, honesty, loyalty, simplicity, truth, armth, importance, absence, ungency, efficiency.
⑵动词后缀
加到名词上的有 -en, -ise/-ize, -fy, -ate,如frighten, apologise, beautify, motivate.
加到形容词上的有 -ise/-ize, -en,如modernise, realise, brighten, eaken.
⑶副词后缀
-ly,可以加到形容词和某些名词上,如beautifully, clearly, leisurely, eekly.
每个后缀都有一定的意思,但不能脱离词根独立生存,这点要特别注意,以免犯错。