2019中考英语二轮知识点名词讲解
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2019中考英语二轮知识点名词讲解 1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类 1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。
专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。 如Beijing,Tom,the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如the Great Wall(长城) 姓氏名如果采用 形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如the Greens(格林一家人)。
2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如pupil,family,man,foot. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如box,child,orange; ▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如ater,nes,oil,population,information.
3、英语可数名词的单复数英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下
①在单数名词词尾加s。如map→maps,boy→boys,horse→horses,table→tables. ②s,o,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如class→classes,box→boxes,hero→heroes,dish→dishes,bench→benches. [注]少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如photo→photos,piano→pianos. ③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如family→families,city→cities,party→parties. ④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如shelf→shelves,olf→olves,life→lives
2、不规则变
化man→n,oman→on,sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth,fish→fish,child→children,ox→oxen,goose→geese
不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如a bag of rice→to bags of rice,a piece of paper→three pieces of paper,a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.
4、名词所有格
1、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。
(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如Childern’s Day(儿童节),my sister’s book(我姐姐的书 (2)以s或es结尾的 名词。只在词尾加’。如Teachers’Day(教师节) (3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s.如 today’s nespaper(今天的报纸),ten minutes’break(十分钟的课间休息), China’s population(中国的人口). (4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。 a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).
2、[注解]
①‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如my aunt’s(我阿姨家),the doctor’s(诊所) ②两人共有某物时,可以采用A and B’s的形式,如Lucy and Lily’s bedroom ③“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如a friend of my father’s,a friend of mine
5、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题
1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式The puter as a great invention.The ater in the glass is very ld. 2、集体名词(如family,class,team,group,ro,police,school,audience等)做句子主语时, ①如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如Class Three is a very good class. 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如Class Three have a map of China. 3、
Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如There is a sheep in the yard./There are so sheep in the yard 4、maths,nes等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,谓语仍用单数The nes is very exciting. 5、glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如 The trousers are very cheap and I ant to take them. 6、a lot of后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如A lot of students are playing baseball no.A lot of ti as asted on that ork.(被动句) 7、and连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。
如The teacher and his son are picking apples no./Fish and chips is very famous food. 8、there be句型中be的单复数由靠近的名词决定。如There is a table and four chairs in the room. 9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如Both you and I are required to be here tomorro. 10、主语中含有ith的短语时,谓语单复数由ith之前的人物决定。如A oman ith a 7-year-old child as standing at the side of the road. 11、either…or…或者neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如Either you or he is right./Neither you nor I am going there. 12、表示一段时间或 概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。
如To months is not a short ti.To thousand kiloters is quite a long distance(距离). 13、主语中含有half of…/(three quarters)of…/all(of)the….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如Over three quarters of the information on the Inter is in English/A third of the students ere playing near the lake.,population一词又有特殊情况What’s the population of China?/Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(句子用复数) 以上是2019 二轮 名词讲解内容,希望帮助大家,尽请关注 中考频道!