中考英语语法几大基本时态与练习
一.一般现在时
（一）一般现在时含义
1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy no.
2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。
e.g. He can sim. I ork hard. I like atching TV.
3)表示客观真理
e.g. There are seven days in aeek. The moon moves round the earth.
（二）结构与句型
其结构按正常语序，即“主语+谓语+其它”，有时为了起强调作用，时间状语也可提前.
其句式变化可分为两种情况
1)表示动作， 一般人称作主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词don’t；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do。E.g. They have lunch at12:00. They don’thave lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunchat 12:00?
2）单三人称做主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesn’t；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词does。
Jenny speaks English veryell.
Jenny doesn’t speakEnglish very ell.
Does Jenny speak English veryell?
含有be动词的要在be上做变化.
Danny is a good student.
Danny isn’t a goodstudent.
Is Danny a good student?
其时间状语为often、usually、 alays、 sotis等频率副词，on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoonevening) 、everyday 等。
（三）学生常见错误如下
1、be动词与行为动词出现在句子中
例We are plant (plant) the trees in spring.
答案plant
解析学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译，就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的，要看语法是不是正确，在英语中，be是表状态，do是表动作，两种动词不能出现在句子中，可记住如下口诀“英汉语言有差异，be 、do不能放一起，仔细琢磨细分析，语法千万要牢记。”
自我检测
(1)单选
1) Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital.
A ork; orks B orks; ork C ork; are orking D is orking; ork
2) One of the boys_____ a black hat.
A have B there is C there are D has
3 )We ill go shopping if it____tomorro.
A don't rain Bdidn't rain Cdoesn't rain Disn't rain
4 )He said the sun ____in the eastand ____in the est.
A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets
5) Wang Mei ____ music and often ____to music.
A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen
6) Jenny____ English every evening.
A has study B studies C study D studied
答案1. B 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.B
(2)1 )I can take Li Ming therehen he _____ ( e) to visit.
2) _____yoursister_____(kno)English?
3)Her ho____ _____ ______(远离 )her school.
4)The pot_____(not look) like yoursvery much.
5) Where _____you____(have)lunchevery day?
6) Who_____(想要 )to go simming?
7) ______she_____(do) the houseorkevery day?
8) Jenny and Dannyusually______(play) gas in the afternoon .
答案1 es 2 Does kno 3 is aay from 4 doesn't look
2、单三人称形式易出错
例
1) He plaies (play)football very ell.
2) Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.
答案1) plays 2) goes
解析1)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es；2)与名词变复数不同，变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加es.
3、在句式变换时易出错
例1 Does Jenny has (has) a goodfriend?
2 Brian doesn’t lives (not live) in China.
答案1 Does have 2 doesn’t live
解析单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时，可记住如下口诀“见助动，用原形”。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g. He didn't go ho yesterday.
4、对do的理解易出错
例We don’t(not do) our hoork in the afternoon.
答案don’t do
解析do是一个比较难理解的词，它有三个含义: a)是所有行为动词的总称；b)是助动词，无实义；c)是一个具体的行为动词“做，干”。此句中给出的do指“做，干”，not指把此句变为否定句，故须在do前加助动词don’t。
5、对主语的数判断有误
例Li Ming ith are (be) inBeijing.
答案: is
解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”，但ith在此做伴随状语，不能做主语，故用is.
，宾语从句中，从句部分若是表示客观真理，不管主句是何时态，从句都要用一般现在时；在时间和条件状语从句中，主句表将来，从句要用一般现在时。
一般现在时练习
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
talk______fet______hope______s______perform______play______say______
buy______orry______fly______study_______like_______make______take______
love_______recite_______bee_______e_______drive_______shine_______
leave_____ake_______ride_______rite_______hike______give______see______sim______s______shop_______plan______get_______sit_______let_______
cut_______run_______fet_______begin_______ash_____atch_______
finish______teach_____fish_______reach_______go_______do_____
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have)dinner at ho.
2. Daniel and Tommy_______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not atch) TV onMonday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to thezoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like)the World Cup?
6. What _______they often_______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents_______(read) nespapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) usEnglish on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) aalk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) soater in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like)oking.
12. They _______(have) thesa hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look)after her baby carefully.
14. You alays _______(do)your hoork ell.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying inbed.
16. She _______(go) to schoolfrom Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) notlike PE.
18. The child often_______(atch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang_______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. －What day _______(be) it today? － It’s Saturday.
21 We often ___________ (play)in the playground.
22. He _________ (get) up atsix o'clock.
23. ________ you __________(brush) your teeth every morning?
24. What ________(do) heusually ________ (do) after school?
25. Danny ____________ (study)English, Chinese, math, science and art at school.
26. Mike sotis __________(go) to the park ith his sister.
27. At eight at night, she____________ (atch) TV ith her parents.
28. ________ Mike _________(read) English every day?
29. Ho many lessons _________your classmate _________ (have) on Monday?
30.What ti _________ hismother _________ (do) the houseork?
三、按照要求改写句子
1. Daniel atches TV everyevening.(改为否定句)_________________________
2. I do my hoork everyday.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答)
___________________________
4. Amy likes playing putergas.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)
___________________________________________________
5. We go to school everymorning.(改为否定句)____________________________
6. He speaks English veryell.(改为否定句)________________________
7. I like taking photos in thepark.(对划线部分提问)__________________________
8. John es from Canada.(对划线部分提问)____________________________
9. She is alays a goodstudent.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
10. Simon and Daniel likegoing skating.(改为否定句)
11. Do you often play footballafter school? (肯定回答)_______________
12. I have many books. （改为否定句）_________________________
13. Gao Shan's sister likesplaying table tennis.（改为否定句）_________________
14. She lives in a small tonnear Ne York. （改为一般疑问句）_________________
15. I atch TV every day. （改为一般疑问句）___________________________
16. David has got a goal. （改为一般疑问句）_________________________
17. We have four lessons.（改为否定句）____________________________
18. Nancy doesn't run fast. （改为肯定句）_________________________
19. My dog runs fast. 否定句______________一般疑问句________________
20. Mike has to letters forhim.一般疑问句_______________ 否定句________
21. I usually play football onFriday afternoon.
否定句: ________________ 一般疑问句:_____________
划线提问____________________
22. Sun Yang usually ashesso clothes on Saturday.
否定句: _____________ 一般疑问句: ________________划线提问: ____________
23. Mingming usually atersthe floers every day.
否定句: ________________ 一般疑问句: _____________划线提问 _____________
24. Tom does his hoork atho.
否定句: ______________ 一般疑问句: ____________划线提问_____________
四、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother speak English? __________________
2. Does he likes goingfishing? __________________
3. He likes play gas afterclass. __________________
4. Mr. Wu teachs usEnglish. __________________
5. She don’t do herhoork on Sundays. _________________
参考答案
一、略
二、1 has 2 are 3 doesn’t atch 4 doesn’t go 5 Do like 6 do do 7 Do read
8 teaches 9 take 10 is 11 likes 12 have 13 look/islooking 14 do
15 am 16 goes 17 does 18atches 19 have 20 is 21 play 22 gets 23 Do brush
24 does do 25 studies 26 goes27 atches 28 Does read 29 does have 30 does do
三、略
四、1. Is---Does 2. likes---like 3. play---playing 4. teachs---teaches
5. don’t --- doesn’t
二、现在进行时
（一）含义
1、现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，强调“此时此刻”。E.g. He is reading . They are talking no.
2、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。E.g. They are orking these days.
3、某些动词的现在进行时，表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。E.g I am ing.
（二）结构与句型
其结构为be+现在分词. 现在分词的变法有
1、一般在动词词尾加上-ing, E.g. jump
2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing. E.g have rite
3、.以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词，它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing. E.g. sit put
其句式变换都在be上